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Galarina
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Shahrokh
Khanizadeh1, François
Laurens2, Yves
Lespinasse2, Yvon Groleau1,
Johanne Cousineau1, Odile Carisse1 and
Jennifer DeEll3
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1Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, Horticultural Research and
Development Center, 430 Boul. Gouin, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu,
Quebec, Canada J3B 3E6
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2 INRA
- C.R. d'Angers, Unité d'Amélioration des Espèces
Fruitières et Ornementales, 42 rue Georges Morel,
B.P. 57 - 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex - France
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3 Ontario
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs,
4890 Victoria Ave N, Box 8000, Vineland Station,
ON, Canada L0R 2E0.
'Galarina' is a 'Gala' type apple (Malus
domestica Borkh.).
It is very attractive, has a pleasant taste and an
excellent shelf-life. The tree is hardy and the
fruit and leaves are resistant to the common races
of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cke)
Wint.) due to the presence of the Vf gene derived
from Malus
floribunda 821.
Availability
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Origin: 'Galarina',
tested as X4982, is a progeny resulting from a
cross between 'Gala' and 'Florina Querinaâ'
(Lespinasse et al., 1985), made at the Fruit and
Ornamental Plant Breeding Unit (FOPBU) of the
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
(INRA) located in Angers, France. X4982 was
selected and tested at INRA. It was then sent to
Quebec for further evaluation and is now being
released by the Quebec apple breeding program
(QAPB) located at the Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada (AAFC) station in St-Jean-sur-Richelieu
(Quebec). 'Galarina' was evaluated by the QABP at
a sub-station located in Frelighsburg (Quebec) for
10 years as part of a group of genotypes sent by
INRA for testing in Quebec.
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Tree
characteristics: 'Galarina'
trees are moderately vigorous with an
upright-spreading shape when grafted on the
rootstock M.26.
 The
fruit are borne on spurs and shoots, which are
generally 1 to 3 years of age, and the fruiting
zone tends to move rapidly away from the trunk to
the outside of the tree (type III bearing habit
according to Lespinasse, 1977). 'Galarina' trees
are hardy at our agricultural sub-station in
Frelighsburg, Quebec (latitude 45.0465), which has
an average winter minimum temperature of -25 ºC.  There
have been no signs of powdery mildew (Podosphaera
leucotricha (Ell.
& Ev.) Salm.) or fireblight (Erwinia amylovora (Butt.)
Winslow et al.) infections during the evaluation
period. The leaves are small to medium-small in
size, ovate to lanceolate and the margins are
mainly serrate, although they can be double
serrate. The underside is hairy, the apex is
acuminate and the base is obtuse. The average leaf
length to width ratio is 2.2 and the petioles are
hairy, 2.5 to 3.8 cm long with short stipules when
young. The surface of the leaves is medium green
and weakly glossy.
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Flower characteristics:
 Flowering
starts at the same time as 'McIntosh' and 1 or 2
days before 'Gala' in Frelighsburg. Flower buds
are dark pink (60A; Royal Horticultural Society
Colour Chart (RHS), 1995) in full balloon stage
and the flowers are single. The ovate petals are
slightly overlapping and are white with a mottling
of dark pink (RHS 60C) on both sides. The pedicels
are green.
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Fruit characteristics: 'Galarina'
fruit mature at the end of September to early
October in Frelighsburg, about 1 to 2 weeks after
'McIntosh', at the same time as 'Cortland' and
usually a bit after 'Gala'.
 The
fruit are small to medium size (axial diameter 46
to 61 mm, transverse diameter 51 to 65 mm). Fruit
weight ranges from 75 to 134 g with an overall
average of 106 g at harvest. Fruit shape is mainly
round-conic and the average length to width ratio
is 0.9. The outline of the fruit is irregular,
there is ribbing along the body and the distal end
is five-pointed. The skin is smooth, thick and
tough. The color is variable: 65-100% blushed to
washed orange-red (RHS 179A) to dark red (RHS
185A) fading on the shaded side, with dark red
(RHS 185A to 187B) stripes, over a greenish-yellow
ground (RHS 2C). There is russeting in the cavity
that can sometimes radiate out a bit on the
surface of the fruit. The lenticels are
conspicuous, medium in size and they increase in
numbers at the distal end. Surface bloom is scant.
The stem is medium length to long, small to medium
in diameter and is green although it can be red on
one side. The cavity is acuminate to acute, fairly
deep to deep with a narrow to medium width. The
basin is prominently ribbed, medium depth to deep
with a narrow to medium width. The
large calyx is persistent with erect lobes, open,
and the calyx tube is funnel-shaped; the stamens
are in median position. The medium size core is
mainly closed to partially open, it is located in
median position with clasping core lines that are
not prominent. The carpels are round and may be
cracked but not tufted. The distal end of the
carpels is emarginate and the cells are
symmetrical and slightly abaxile. The seeds are
large, not tufted, can be flattened on one side
and the tip is obtuse. The flesh is crisp, juicy
and very firm (9.5 kg as measured by a EPT-1
pressure tester made by Lake City Technical
Products Inc.). The yellowish-white flesh can be
tinged with red near the skin and it does not
brown very much after cutting. The flavor is good,
aromatic and a bit tart. The acidity is average
(0.69% malic acid) and the soluble solids are low
(11.1%).
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Galarina, an apple that never
droped from the tree.
Picture taken in January 2004
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The persistence of the Galarina fruit on
the tree.
Note there is no leaves on the tree and no
fruit drop under the tree.
Picture taken in November 2001 |
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Post Harvest,
storage: After
4 months in a regular cold room, the fruit is
still very firm (8.7 kg) and its fresh eating
qualities are excellent. Juice produced from the
fruit is very clear, orange-salmon in color, with
average acidity (0.57%) and soluble solids
(12.2%). After 6 months in CA (2.5% O2, 4.5% CO2),
the fruit is very firm (8.3 kg) and the soluble
solids and acidity are both average (12% and 0.6%,
respectively).
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Other characteristics: Compared
to 'Gala', this new cultivar is hardier, it
retains its fresh eating quality longer in storage
and it is resistant to the common races of apple
scab, reducing the need for fungicide
applications.
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Adaptation & availability: A
Trademark is pending for 'Galarina'. Limited
quantities of non indexed budwood are available
for research purposes (universities and research
stations) from S.K. (North America) or from F.L.
(Europe) with a written request. Trees and/or
budwood material may be obtained from Brandt's
Fruit Trees Inc. in the USA and Canada. Nurseries
may inquire about "non-exclusive sub-licences"
directly to:
Lynnell Brandt
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Brandt's Fruit Trees, Inc.
P.O. Box 10 Parker,
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WA
98939 (509) 877-3193
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Fax
(509) 877-2737
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email: lynnell@ewbrandt.com
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